Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'icyuma gitwara imizigo n'icyuma gitwara imizigo?
Amagambo "kohereza screw" na kohereza spiral bivuga ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu zo kohereza, zitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere yazo, uburyo zikoreshwamo, n'ikoreshwa ryazo:
1. Akamashini gatwara ibyuma
Uburyo: Ikoresha icyuma gizunguruka (kiguruka) mu mwobo cyangwa mu muyoboro. Iki cyuma kizunguruka kugira ngo gitware ibikoresho byinshi (urugero: ifu, utunyangingo, ibinyabutabire) ku burebure bw'icyuma gitwara ibintu.
Igishushanyo:
Ubusanzwe ugororotse cyangwa ugororotse (kugeza kuri ~ 20–30°).
Ishobora gutoborwa (umugozi wo hagati ushyigikira aho iguruka) cyangwa idafite umugozi (ku bikoresho bifata).
Ibikoresho bisunikwa mu mwobo ufunze, birinda ko amazi yameneka.
Porogaramu:
Ubuhinzi (gutunganya ibinyampeke), gutunganya amazi yanduye, gutunganya ibiribwa, no gutwara ibikoresho byinshi mu nganda.
Ni byiza cyane mu kugaburira, kuvanga, cyangwa gupima ibikoresho.
2. Imodoka itwara imizigo
Uburyo: Bivuga sisitemu yo kohereza ibintu ishyizwe mu nzira ihagaze cyangwa ntoya/izunguruka, akenshi ikoresha imikandara, imigozi, cyangwa iminyururu ya pulasitiki isanzwe. Uburemere cyangwa imiyoboro ya mashini bimura ibintu ku ruziga.
Igishushanyo:
Imiterere mito ihagaze neza (urugero, inzira zizamuka/zimanuka zigana ku gisenge).
Igishushanyo mbonera gifunguye ku bikoresho byo gupakira (amasanduku, amapaki, ibicuruzwa).
Bishobora kuba birimo ibice bikonje kugira ngo umwanya urusheho kuba mwiza.
Porogaramu:
Kuzamura cyangwa kumanura ibintu mu bipfunyika, mu macupa, cyangwa mu miyoboro yo guteranya.
Gukusanya, gukonjesha, cyangwa guhindura igihe mu nganda nko guteka, gutwara ibintu, cyangwa ku bibuga by'indege (gutwara imizigo).
Incamake
Utwuma two gutwara ibintu ni ibikoresho binini bikoresha vis izenguruka.
Imashini zitwara imizigo zizunguruka ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzamura/kugabanya imizigo y’ibikoresho binyuze mu nzira izunguruka, akenshi hakoreshejwe imikandara cyangwa imigozi.
Urujijo ruturuka ku magambo ahurirana, ariko intego n'uburyo byakoreshejwe biratandukanye.
Ascenseur ikora ite?
1. Imiterere y'ibanze y'icyuma gitwara ibintu mu buryo bw'umwuka
Umuyoboro w’amazi uzunguruka ugizwe ahanini n’ibice by’ingenzi bikurikira:
Inzira yo mu kirere:
Inzira cyangwa agace k'inyuma gafite ishusho ya helix, gasanzwe gakozwe mu cyuma cyangwa muri pulasitiki ikomeye cyane, gakoreshwa mu kuyobora urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho cyangwa ibyo gutwara.
Umukozi:
Udusahani, iminyururu, imikandara, cyangwa ibice byoroshye gutwaramo ibikoresho, byakozwe hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho.
Sisitemu yo gutwara:
Moteri, icyuma gigabanya umuriro, n'igikoresho gitanga imbaraga zo kuyobora inzira y'uruziga cyangwa ingendo z'imodoka.
Ishusho y'ubufasha:
Inyubako y'icyuma ishyigikira inzira n'uburyo bwo kuyiyobora, igenzura ko ibikoresho bikora neza.
Sisitemu yo Kugenzura:
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu guhindura umuvuduko, gutangiza no guhagarika, no kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho.
2. Ihame ry'imikorere ry'umuyoboro w'umwuka
Ihame ry'imikorere y'icyuma gitwara imizinga gishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: inzira idahinduka n'inzira izenguruka.
(1) Imodoka ifata imizigo y'inzira idahinduka
Ihame ry'imikorere: Inzira yo kuzenguruka iba ihagaze, kandi icyuma gitwara ibintu (nk'isahani cyangwa umunyururu) kigenda ku nzira, giterura ibikoresho biva hasi bijya hejuru.
Uburyo bwo kugenda: Ikinyabiziga kizamuka cyangwa kimanuka mu nzira y'uruziga binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutwara (nk'umunyururu cyangwa umukandara).
Ibintu Bikwiriye: Bikwiriye ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bifite imiterere isanzwe (nk'amacupa, ibiryo byo mu macupa).
(2) Imodoka izenguruka mu nzira izenguruka
Ihame ry'imikorere: Inzira y'uruziga ubwayo irazenguruka, kandi ibikoresho binyerera ku nzira bitewe n'imbaraga rukuruzi cyangwa uburyaryate, bikazamuka biva hasi bijya hejuru.
Uburyo bwo kugenda: Uko inzira izenguruka, ibikoresho bizamuka muri iyo nzira binyuze mu bikorwa bya centrifugal imbaraga n'uburemere.
Ibintu Bikoreshwa: Bikwiriye ibikoresho byinshi cyangwa ibice bito (nk'ibinyampeke, uduce duto, ibice).
3. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'igishushanyo mbonera cy'icyuma gitwara ibintu mu buryo bw'umwuka
Ingano y'umurambararo:
Igena aho ibikoresho biherereye n'ubushobozi bwo kubitwara, akenshi bikozwe hakurikijwe ingano y'ibikoresho n'ingano y'ubwikorezi.
Ijwi:
Intera ihagaze y'inzira y'uruziga kuri buri ruziga, igira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo guterura ibikoresho n'uburebure bw'ibikoresho.
Uburebure bwo kuzamura:
Uburebure bwose bw'ibikoresho buhagaze, ubusanzwe bugenwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu buryo bwo kubikoresha.
Umuvuduko wo kohereza:
Umuvuduko w'ibikoresho cyangwa ibyo gutwara, ugira ingaruka ku buryo ibikoresho bitwara neza.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imodoka:
Icyo gikoresho gikozwe hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho (nk'imiterere, uburemere, intege nke) kugira ngo gikomeze gutwara ibikoresho.
4. Ibyiza byo gukoresha icyuma gitwara imizigo
Kuzigama umwanya: Imiterere y’uruziga ituma ibikoresho biba bito, bikwiranye n’imiterere y’uruganda rufite umwanya muto.
Gutwara ibintu mu buryo buboneye: Bishobora gutuma ibintu bihora bihagaze neza kandi bigakomeza, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo kohereza ibintu.
Guhuza n'imimerere: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzira n'ubwikorezi gishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho, bikaba bikwiriye inganda zitandukanye.
Gusana no Kudakoresha: Imiterere yoroshye, imikorere ihamye, n'ikiguzi gito cyo gusana.
5. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'agasanduku k'ibikoresho bitanga umuvuduko
Inganda z'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Guterura amacupa, ibiryo byo mu macupa bihagaze mu buryo bugororotse, cyangwa mu buryo bwo gupfunyika.
Inganda zikora imiti: Gutwara amacupa y'imiti cyangwa udusanduku two gupfunyikamo mu dukoresho dutandukanye.
Ububiko n'Ubucuruzi: Guterura no gutondekanya ibicuruzwa mu bubiko bw'amagorofa menshi.
Gukora imodoka: Gutwara ibice by'imodoka mu biro bitandukanye byo guteranya imodoka.
6. Inama zo guhitamo mu gushushanya inganda
Ibiranga Ibikoresho: Hitamo igishushanyo cy'imodoka ikwiye n'icyitegererezo ukurikije imiterere, uburemere, n'ubudakomeye bw'ibikoresho.
Imbibi z'umwanya: Hitamo umurambararo w'uruziga n'uburebure bwo kuzamura ukurikije imiterere y'uruganda kugira ngo woroshye imiterere y'ibikoresho.
Ibisabwa mu mikorere: Hitamo sisitemu ikwiye yo gutwara imodoka n'uburyo bwo kuyigenzura hakurikijwe umuvuduko wo gutwara n'ibisabwa mu mikorere myiza.
Incamake
Imashini itwara ibikoresho mu buryo bw’umwuka igera ku gutwara ibikoresho mu buryo buboneye binyuze mu bikorwa bihuriweho by’inzira n’imodoka itwara ibikoresho mu buryo bw’umwuka. Imiterere yayo mito, imikorere yayo myiza, hamwe n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha bituma iba imwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi mu musaruro w’inganda zigezweho. Injeniyeri mu nganda zigomba gusuzuma neza imiterere y’ibikoresho, ibisabwa mu mikorere, n’aho umwanya ugarukira mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gukoresha imashini zitwara ibikoresho mu buryo bw’umwuka kugira ngo zikore neza kandi mu buryo buhamye ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Gashyantare 2025
